Programmable hyper-coded holography has the advantage of being programmable as well as being flexibly modifiable. Digitally coded metamaterials with excellent electromagnetic modulation capability and the ability to control the phase to modulate the spatial radiation field through external excitation in the form of switching can be used to realize low-cost digital arrays. We design a 1-bit encoded programmable metasurface, which is electrically connected to control the PIN diode in the switching state and to switch the condition of each metasurface cell between “0” and “1.” Using the designed programmable metasurface, we can randomly encode the cell structure to realize single-focus focusing, multi-focusing, and simple holographic letter imaging. Based on the nonlinear holographic model, we employ the Gerchberg-Saxton improvement algorithm to modulate the energy distribution at the focus by adjusting the phase distribution. Importantly, we introduce the Fourier convolution principle to regulate the holographic imaging focus flexibly.

Optical metasurfaces are two-dimensional ultrathin devices based on single-layer or multilayer arrays of subwavelength nanostructures. They can achieve precise control of phase, amplitude, and polarization on the subwavelength scale. In this paper, a substrate-free all-silicon coded grating is designed, which can realize the phase control of the outgoing beam after the y-polarized plane wave is vertically incident on the metasurface at 0.1 THz. Through a single-layer silicon nanoarray structure, a low-reflection anomalous transmission metasurface is realized, and a variety of different beam deflectors are designed based on these encoded gratings. We propose a coded grating addition principle, which adds and subtracts two traditional coded grating sequences to obtain a new coded grating sequence. The encoded supergrating can flexibly control the scattering angle, and the designed substrate-free all-silicon encoded grating can achieve a deflection angle of 48.59°. In order to verify the principle of coded grating addition, we experimented with cascade operation of two coded sequence gratings to obtain the flexible control of the terahertz beam of the composite supergrating. The principle of grating addition provides a new degree of freedom for the flexible regulation of the terahertz wavefront. At the same time, this method can be extended to the optical band or microwave band, opening up new ways for electromagnetic wave manipulation and beam scanning.

The ability to amplify optical signals is of paramount importance in photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Recently, lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has attracted increasing interest as an emerging PIC platform. However, the shortage of efficient active devices on the LNOI platform limits the development of optical amplification. Here, we report an efficient waveguide amplifier based on erbium and ytterbium co-doped LNOI by using electron beam lithography and an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching process. We have demonstrated that signal amplification emerges at a low pump power of 0.1 mW, and the net internal gain in the communication band is 16.52 dB/cm under pumping of a 974 nm continuous laser. Benefiting from the efficient pumping facilitated by energy transfer between ytterbium and erbium ions, an internal conversion efficiency of 10% has been achieved, which is currently the most efficient waveguide amplifier under unidirectional pumping reported on the LNOI platform, to our knowledge. This work proposes an efficient active device for LNOI integrated optical systems that may become an important fundamental component of future lithium niobate photonic integration platforms.

针对传统Canny算子在滤波时会模糊边缘且需要人工设置高低阈值的缺点，提出了一种基于三维块匹配的改进自适应阈值Canny边缘检测算法，并用于太赫兹三维层析成像。该算法一方面对滤波方法进行了改进，用三维块匹配 (BM3D) 滤波算法结合引导滤波算法代替高斯滤波算法以减少图像边缘信息的丢失；另一方面，针对传统人工设定阈值的不确定性，将梯度图进行块匹配后对三维图像块组使用最大类间方差法 (OTSU) 以自适应确定高低阈值。最后利用该算法对含有噪声的图像进行边缘检测处理，发现在高斯噪声方差为20时滤波后的峰值信噪比(PSNR) 从22.202提升至27.151，验证了该算法去除噪声的有效性。三维块匹配改进自适应阈值Canny边缘检测算法 (BM-OTSU-Canny) 减少了错误边缘的数量，同时保留了连接性较好的边缘点，改善了边缘细节信息的提取效果。

将波长调制技术与离轴积分腔技术相结合，建立了波长调制离轴积分腔输出光谱实验装置，增加吸收光程，避免低频的1/f噪声和与波长无关的背景功率的影响，将其应用于OH自由基探测研究。探测激光器选择2.8 μm中红外室温型连续波分布反馈式二极管激光器，OH自由基选择3 568.52 cm^-1处Q（1.5e）跃迁谱线开展光谱探测，在512 m有效吸收光程和100 s采样时间下，实现了OH自由基1.2×10⁸ molecule/cm³的探测极限。实验研究发现，在弱透过光强下，激光器放大的自发辐射对吸收系数测量影响大，本实验装置下造成了约70倍的吸收低估，需要有效避免。

Lithium niobate (LN) thin film has received much attention as an integrated photonic platform, due to its rich and great photoelectric characteristics, based on which various functional photonic devices, such as electro-optic modulators and nonlinear wavelength converters, have been demonstrated with impressive performance. As an important part of the integrated photonic system, the long-awaited laser and amplifier on the LN thin-film platform have made a series of breakthroughs and important progress recently. In this review paper, the research progress of lasers and amplifiers realized on lithium niobate thin film platforms is reviewed comprehensively. Specifically, the research progress on optically pumped lasers and amplifiers based on rare-earth ions doping of LN thin films is introduced. Some important parameters and existing limitations of the current development are discussed. In addition, the implementation scheme and research progress of electrically pumped lasers and amplifiers on LN thin-film platforms are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of optically and electrically pumped LN thin film light sources are analyzed. Finally, the applications of LN thin film lasers and amplifiers and other on-chip functional devices are envisaged.

Holographic display has attracted widespread interest because of its ability to show the complete information of the object and bring people an unprecedented sense of presence. The absence of ideal recording materials has hampered the realization of their commercial applications. Here we report that the response time of a bismuth and magnesium co-doped lithium niobate (LN:Bi,Mg) crystal is shortened to 7.2 ms and a sensitivity as high as 646 cm/J. The crystal was used to demonstrate a real-time holographic display with a refresh rate of 60 Hz, as that of the popular high-definition television. Moreover, the first-principles calculations indicate that the electron mobility while Bi occupying Nb-site is significantly greater than that in Li-site, which directly induces the fast response of LN:Bi,Mg crystals when the concentration of Mg is above its doping threshold.Holographic display has attracted widespread interest because of its ability to show the complete information of the object and bring people an unprecedented sense of presence. The absence of ideal recording materials has hampered the realization of their commercial applications. Here we report that the response time of a bismuth and magnesium co-doped lithium niobate (LN:Bi,Mg) crystal is shortened to 7.2 ms and a sensitivity as high as 646 cm/J. The crystal was used to demonstrate a real-time holographic display with a refresh rate of 60 Hz, as that of the popular high-definition television. Moreover, the first-principles calculations indicate that the electron mobility while Bi occupying Nb-site is significantly greater than that in Li-site, which directly induces the fast response of LN:Bi,Mg crystals when the concentration of Mg is above its doping threshold.